Reporting Verbs in Hard and Soft Sciences of Journal Article Abstracts: An Insight from Indonesia

Reporting verbs (RVs) express varying degrees of alignment and evaluate the credibility merit reported claims in academic writing. This study aims to explore RVs’ tenses, frequencies, functions two major disciplines: hard science soft science. Consequently, specialised corpora were built from research article abstracts published 2021–2022. The corpus comprised 19,512 words; meanwhile, contained 20,222 words. Constituent Likelihood Automatic Word-tagging System (CLAWS) web tagger was utilised identify RVs, Antconc software employed retrieve RVs. findings revealed that RVs four tenses forms, i.e. past participle, present infinitive, tense. Further, indicated based on more frequently than However, functions, comprehensively Hard have distinctive ways implementing Indonesian journal abstracts. Thus, designing an list for non-native English (NNE) students, authors, teachers, instructors is recommended strengthen each discipline’s writing proficiency.